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In London in 1962, Daphne Oram designed and built the Oramics Graphic System, allowing composers to specify sounds by drawing shapes on multiple strips of 35-millimeter transparent film. The film was then illuminated from above and passed over a cluster of photocells that measured changes in the intensity of light on the film and controlled a synthesizer accordingly.
Oram said: "I visualize the composer learning an alphabet of symbols ... to build up the sound he requires ..."
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The photo at the left shows Daphne Oram with the Oramics System, mid-1960s.
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